CUPRINS
Abbreviations
Clinical neurological semiology
Motor function
Muscle tone
Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome (UMNS)
Abdominal Cutaneous Reflexes
Pathological reflexes
Lower motor neuron syndrome (LMNS)
Deep tendon reflexes
The cerebellum and other ataxic syndromes
Cerebellar ataxia
Sensory examination
Cranial nerves (CNs)
Diplopia
Foville Syndromes - Voluntary horizontal gaze palsies
Vertical Gaze Palsy – Parinaud Syndrome
Combined Oculomotor Syndromes
Claude Bernard–Horner Syndrome (Horner Syndrome)
Associated Lower Cranial Nerve (Bulbar) Syndromes
Mental status
Coma
Decorticate posturing / rigidity
Doll’s eye reflex (oculocephalic reflex)
Caloric stimulation testing
Glasgow Coma Scale
Minor cognitive decline (MCI)
Involuntary movements
Gait
Meningeal signs
The meningeal syndrome
Encephalitic syndromes
Demyelinating Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
Movement Disorders
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders – Myasthenia Gravis
Acute Inflammatory Polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain–Barré Syndrome)
Increased Intracranial Pressure and Herniation Syndromes
Cluster Headache
Bibliography.
